CHLOROQUINE

CHLOROQUINE: Chloroquine is a medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium. It is also used in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.

Mechanism of Action:
Chloroquine works by interfering with the growth and survival of parasites. It is classified as an antimalarial drug and belongs to the class of medications known as 4-aminoquinolines. Chloroquine accumulates in the parasite’s food vacuole, where it prevents the breakdown of hemoglobin into heme, an essential nutrient for the parasite. This results in the toxic build-up of heme, leading to the death of the parasite.

Dose:
The dosage of chloroquine will vary depending on the condition being treated. For malaria prophylaxis, the typical dose is 300 mg once weekly, starting from one to two weeks prior to entering the malaria-endemic area and continuing for four weeks after leaving. For the treatment of malaria, the initial dose is usually 600 mg followed by 300 mg six to eight hours later, then 300 mg daily for two more days. The exact dosage and duration will be determined by the healthcare provider based on the specific situation.

Side Effects:
Common side effects of chloroquine may include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache. These adverse effects are usually mild and go away on their own. Other less common side effects include skin rash, itching, blurry vision, and dizziness.

It is important to note that chloroquine has the potential to cause serious side effects, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use. These can include retinal toxicity leading to vision loss, heart problems such as arrhythmias, and muscle weakness. Regular monitoring of blood counts, liver function, and eye exams is recommended during treatment with chloroquine to minimize the risk of these side effects.

As with any medication, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting chloroquine to determine the appropriate dosage and to discuss any potential risks or interactions with other medications.