ISOTRETINION

ISOTRETINION: Drug: Isotretinoin

Use: Isotretinoin is a medication primarily used for the treatment of severe acne that has not responded to other treatments. It is also used for the treatment of certain types of skin cancers and other skin conditions.

Mechanism of Action: Isotretinoin is a retinoid, a form of vitamin A. It works by reducing the production of oil by the sebaceous glands in the skin, which helps to prevent the formation of acne lesions. Additionally, isotretinoin has anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce inflammation associated with acne.

Dose: The dosage of isotretinoin varies depending on the individual and the condition being treated. For severe acne, the usual starting dose is 0.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day, which may be increased up to 1 milligram per kilogram per day if necessary. Treatment typically lasts for 15 to 20 weeks. The dose for other conditions may vary, and it is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration prescribed by the healthcare provider.

Side Effects: Isotretinoin can cause a range of side effects, some of which may be severe. Common side effects include dryness and peeling of the skin, dry eyes, nosebleeds, joint and muscle pain, hair thinning, and increased sensitivity to sunlight. Other possible side effects include dryness of the lips and mouth, dry and itchy eyes, increased cholesterol levels, elevated liver enzymes, and mood changes such as depression or mood swings. Isotretinoin can also cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy, so it is important to use effective contraception if sexually active and to avoid pregnancy during and for at least one month after stopping the medication. Additionally, isotretinoin may have rare but serious side effects on the liver, blood cells, and mental health, so close monitoring by a healthcare provider is required. It is important to discuss all potential side effects with a healthcare provider before starting isotretinoin treatment.