LAXATIVE PREPARATIONS

LAXATIVE PREPARATIONS: Laxative preparations are medications used to promote bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They work by increasing the frequency and ease of stool passage.

There are several types of laxatives available, including bulk-forming laxatives, stimulant laxatives, osmotic laxatives, and stool softeners.

Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium husk, work by increasing the water content of the stool, resulting in softer and bulkier stools. They can be taken orally or mixed with foods or drinks. The recommended dose varies, but it is usually taken once or twice daily with plenty of fluids. Common side effects may include bloating, gas, and cramping.

Stimulant laxatives, such as bisacodyl or senna, work by irritating the lining of the intestines, which leads to contractions and bowel movement. They are usually taken orally and may cause bowel movement within 6-12 hours. The usual recommended dose for adults is 5-15 mg orally, taken once daily before bedtime. Side effects may include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalances with long-term use.

Osmotic laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol or lactulose, work by drawing water into the intestines and softening the stool. They are usually taken orally and may take up to 72 hours to produce a bowel movement. The dose varies depending on the specific medication being used and the severity of constipation. Common side effects include bloating, gas, and electrolyte imbalances.

Stool softeners, such as docusate, work by increasing the water content of the stool, making it easier to pass. They are usually taken orally and can be used on a short-term or long-term basis. The recommended dose varies but is typically 50-200 mg once daily. Side effects are generally mild and may include diarrhea and abdominal cramping.

It is important to note that laxative preparations are not intended for long-term use, as reliance on laxatives can lead to dependence and decreased bowel function. They should be used only as directed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to consult a doctor.