METHOTREXATE

METHOTREXATE: Methotrexate is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as antimetabolites. It is primarily used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. Additionally, it is also prescribed to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

The mechanism of action of methotrexate involves interfering with the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, which inhibits the growth and division of cancer cells. It works by acting as a folic acid antagonist and disrupting the metabolism of folate, a crucial nutrient for cell division.

The dose of methotrexate varies depending on the condition being treated. For certain types of cancer, it is often given as high-dose intravenous infusion. In the case of autoimmune diseases, it is usually administered orally or by injection in lower doses.

However, it is essential to note that methotrexate is a potent medication that can cause various side effects. Some common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, mouth sores, and hair loss. It can also suppress the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, which may increase the risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding.

Moreover, methotrexate can cause liver toxicity, so regular liver function tests are necessary during treatment. It is also known to have fetal toxicity and is contraindicated during pregnancy.

It is crucial to take methotrexate exactly as directed by a healthcare professional and to inform them of any other medications being taken, as certain drugs can interact with methotrexate and increase the risk of side effects. Regular monitoring and close medical supervision are necessary during methotrexate treatment.