PERINDOPRIL + INDAPAMIDE
Perindopril: Perindopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and preventing cardiovascular events in patients with a history of heart attack or stroke.
The mechanism of action of perindopril involves inhibiting ACE, an enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. By inhibiting this conversion, perindopril reduces the levels of angiotensin II in the body. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which leads to increased sodium and water retention. By blocking the effects of angiotensin II, perindopril causes peripheral vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and decreases the amount of fluid in the body, resulting in a reduction of blood pressure.
Perindopril is typically taken orally in tablet form, with or without food. The recommended starting dose for hypertension is usually 4 mg once daily, and the dose can be increased to a maximum of 8 mg once daily if needed. For patients with a history of heart attack or stroke, the recommended dose is usually 8 mg once daily.
Common side effects of perindopril include dizziness, fatigue, headache, cough, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less commonly, some individuals may experience allergic reactions, chest pain, muscle cramps, or changes in kidney function. It is important to report any severe side effects or symptoms to a healthcare professional.
Due to its mechanism of action, perindopril is contraindicated during pregnancy as it may cause harm to the fetus. It should also be used with caution in patients with kidney or liver disease, a history of angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, throat, or tongue), or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements.
Perindopril is a prescription medication, and it is important to follow the prescribed dose and directions provided by a healthcare professional.
Indapamide: Indapamide is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and reduce fluid retention (edema) in conditions such as congestive heart failure.
The mechanism of action of indapamide involves its ability to increase the excretion of water and salt from the body by enhancing the production of urine. It achieves this by acting directly on the kidneys, specifically on the distal convoluted tubules, where it inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions. By increasing the excretion of these ions, indapamide helps to lower blood volume and decrease the workload of the heart, resulting in a reduction in blood pressure.
The usual starting dose of indapamide for treating hypertension is 1.25 mg once daily, either in the morning or after breakfast. Depending on the individual’s response, the dose may be increased to a maximum of 5 mg per day. For edema, the recommended dose is also 2.5 mg once daily, although in some cases, a higher dose may be necessary.
Like any medication, indapamide may cause side effects. The most common ones include dizziness, headache, fatigue, muscle cramps, and low potassium levels (hypokalemia). Other potential side effects may include nausea, vomiting, constipation, rash, increased uric acid levels, and changes in blood glucose levels. Rare but severe side effects may include allergic reactions, electrolyte imbalances, and liver problems. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if any side effects occur or persist.
Indapamide should not be used by individuals who are allergic to indapamide or other sulfonamide-derived drugs. Individuals with severe kidney or liver disease, electrolyte imbalances, or who are at risk of gout or diabetic ketoacidosis should also avoid using indapamide. Additionally, caution should be exercised when administering indapamide to patients with a history of allergies, diabetes, or thyroid problems.
It is important to note that the information provided here is a general overview, and specific instructions, dosage, and potential side effects may vary. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional or pharmacist for personalized advice before starting or stopping any medication.
