PRIMAQUINE

PRIMAQUINE: Primaquine is an antimalarial drug that is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale parasites. It is also used as a prophylactic drug to prevent relapse of malaria caused by these parasites.

The exact mechanism of action of primaquine is not fully understood. However, it is believed to work by interfering with the metabolism of the malaria parasite, preventing its replication and causing its destruction.

The recommended dose of primaquine for the treatment of malaria is usually 30 mg once daily for 14 days. For prophylaxis, the usual dose is 30 mg once daily for 14 days before traveling to a malaria-endemic area, continued during the stay, and for 7 days after leaving the area.

Some common side effects of primaquine include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, headache, dizziness, and insomnia. It may also cause hemolytic anemia (a condition where red blood cells are destroyed), especially in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. G6PD deficiency is an inherited condition that affects red blood cell function. Other rare but serious side effects may include methemoglobinemia (a condition where blood cannot carry oxygen effectively) and arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat).

It is important to note that primaquine should be used with caution in individuals with G6PD deficiency, as it can cause severe hemolytic anemia. Therefore, G6PD screening is recommended before starting treatment with primaquine. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also exercise caution when using primaquine.

Overall, primaquine is an effective antimalarial drug used for the treatment and prevention of malaria caused by specific parasites. However, due to its potential side effects, it should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.