VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE) + CA PANTOTHENATE + FOLIC ACID + VIT B12 + ASCORBIC ACID + PYRIDOXINE HCL + THIAMINE MONONITRATE + RIBOFLAVIN + ZN SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE + BIOTIN

Vitamin B3 (niacinamide): Vitamin B3, also known as niacinamide, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the body’s energy production and metabolism. It is one of the B-complex vitamins and is water-soluble, meaning that it is not stored in the body and needs to be obtained through diet or supplementation.

Niacinamide is used therapeutically in the treatment of several conditions. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement to prevent or correct deficiencies of vitamin B3. Additionally, it is used in the treatment of pellagra, a condition caused by a deficiency of niacin. Pellagra is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Niacinamide is also used in combination with other medications to treat osteoarthritis and acne.

The exact mechanism of action of niacinamide is still not completely understood. However, it is believed to act as a precursor to coenzymes that are involved in various metabolic processes. These coenzymes participate in cellular processes such as energy production, DNA repair, and cell signaling. Niacinamide is also involved in the synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, and fatty acids.

The recommended daily dose of niacinamide varies depending on the individual’s age, sex, and health condition. For adults, the typical dose ranges from 14 to 18 mg per day. Higher doses may be recommended for the treatment of specific medical conditions.

While niacinamide is generally considered safe, it may cause some side effects in certain individuals. Common side effects include flushing, itching, and tingling sensations in the skin. These side effects are more common when niacinamide is taken in higher doses. It is important to note that niacinamide does not typically cause the “niacin flush” that is associated with another form of vitamin B3 called niacin. This flushing effect can cause redness and warmth in the face and body.

Rarely, high doses of niacinamide may cause liver problems, gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and vomiting, and low blood pressure. Individuals with liver disease, diabetes, or ulcers should consult a healthcare professional before taking niacinamide.

In conclusion, niacinamide, or Vitamin B3, is an essential nutrient that is used to prevent or treat deficiencies of niacin. It plays a crucial role in energy production and metabolism and is involved in various cellular processes. It is generally safe to use but may cause side effects such as flushing, itching, and tingling sensations. Always consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosage and guidance on its use.

Ca Pantothenate: Ca Pantothenate, also known as calcium pantothenate or vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the body’s energy metabolism and production of coenzyme A. It is commonly found in various foods and is also available as a dietary supplement.

Ca Pantothenate is used to treat or prevent pantothenic acid deficiency, which can occur in individuals with malnutrition, digestive disorders, or prolonged intravenous feeding. It is also sometimes used in combination with other vitamins for the treatment of acne, alcoholism, allergies, and respiratory tract infections.

The main mechanism of action of Ca Pantothenate is its conversion into coenzyme A, which is involved in several metabolic pathways. Coenzyme A is essential for the synthesis and breakdown of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. It also plays a crucial role in the production of certain hormones and neurotransmitters.

The recommended dose of Ca Pantothenate varies depending on the individual’s age, sex, and specific condition. Generally, the average daily intake for adults is around 5 mg, but higher doses may be required in certain situations, such as deficiency states. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage as excessive intake can lead to adverse effects.

Ca Pantothenate is generally considered safe and well-tolerated when taken within the recommended dosage range. However, high doses may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea or an upset stomach. In rare cases, allergic reactions, such as itching or rash, may occur. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement to ensure safety and efficacy, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.

Overall, Ca Pantothenate is an essential nutrient that is necessary for various bodily functions. While deficiencies are rare, supplementation may be necessary in certain cases. Always consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist for personalized advice and recommendations regarding the use of Ca Pantothenate.

Folic Acid: Folic acid, also known as folate or vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy cells, especially red blood cells. It is commonly used as a supplement to prevent or treat folic acid deficiency and certain types of anemia.

Mechanism of Action:
Folic acid plays a crucial role in the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA, which are important for cell division and growth. It acts as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions involved in the production of DNA, amino acids, and some neurotransmitters. Folic acid also helps in the formation of healthy red blood cells and prevents the occurrence of neural tube defects during pregnancy.

Use:
Folic acid is primarily used to prevent and treat folic acid deficiency. It is prescribed to individuals with poor dietary intake, malabsorption conditions, alcoholism, or certain medications that deplete folate levels. Additionally, pregnant women are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their babies.

Dose:
The recommended daily dose of folic acid varies depending on the age, sex, and specific health conditions of an individual. For most adults, the usual dose is 400-800 micrograms (mcg) per day. Higher doses may be required for pregnant women or individuals with certain medical conditions. It is important to follow the prescribed dose as excessive intake of folic acid can mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency and may have other adverse effects.

Side Effects:
Folic acid is generally well-tolerated when taken in the recommended doses. Side effects are rare but can include digestive issues such as nausea, bloating, gas, and a bitter taste in the mouth. Allergic reactions are also possible, although they are extremely rare. People with vitamin B12 deficiency who take high doses of folic acid may experience worsening symptoms. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting folic acid supplements to ensure proper dosing and minimize the risk of side effects or drug interactions.

Vit B12: Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the normal functioning of the nervous system, the formation of red blood cells, and the metabolism of proteins and fats. It is an essential nutrient that cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources or through supplementation.

Vitamin B12 is primarily used in the treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is commonly prescribed for individuals with pernicious anemia, a condition where the body cannot absorb sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 from the diet. It is also used to treat other forms of anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, such as megaloblastic anemia.

The mechanism of action of vitamin B12 involves its role as a cofactor for enzymes involved in crucial metabolic processes. One of its key functions is the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is important for the production of energy. It also participates in the metabolism of homocysteine, helping to lower its levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The dose of vitamin B12 varies depending on the individual’s age, medical condition, and the severity of the deficiency. For oral supplementation, the recommended daily intake for adults is 2.4 mcg. In cases of deficiency, higher doses may be required, and routes such as intramuscular injections may be utilized to ensure adequate absorption.

Vitamin B12 is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses. However, in some individuals, mild side effects may occur, including nausea, diarrhea, or skin rash. Rarely, allergic reactions such as itching or swelling of the face, tongue, or throat may occur and should be immediately reported to a healthcare professional. Additionally, extremely high doses of vitamin B12 over a prolonged period of time may result in hypokalemia or an imbalance of other essential nutrients.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or medication, including vitamin B12, to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure suitability for individual needs.

Ascorbic Acid: Drug Name: Ascorbic Acid

Use: Ascorbic Acid is a vitamin C supplement used to prevent or treat vitamin C deficiency. It is also used as an antioxidant to promote general health and boost the immune system.

Mechanism of Action: Ascorbic Acid is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. It acts as a cofactor for several enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters. As an antioxidant, it helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Dose: The recommended daily dose of Ascorbic Acid varies depending on age, sex, and health condition. For adults, the usual dose ranges from 75 to 120 mg per day. The dose for children depends on their age, with an average daily intake of 15 to 75 mg. Higher doses may be prescribed for individuals with specific medical conditions or deficiencies.

Side Effects: Ascorbic Acid is generally safe and well-tolerated when taken within the recommended dosage. However, high doses exceeding the recommended limits may cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. In rare cases, hypersensitivity reactions may occur, including rashes, itching, and swelling of the face, throat, or tongue. Taking excessively high doses for long periods may also result in oxalate kidney stones formation. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking high doses of Ascorbic Acid to assess potential risks and benefits, especially for individuals with certain medical conditions or who are taking specific medications.

Pyridoxine Hcl: Pyridoxine HCl is a drug commonly known as vitamin B6. It is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. Pyridoxine HCl is available in both prescription and over-the-counter forms.

Use: Pyridoxine HCl is primarily used to treat or prevent vitamin B6 deficiency. It is also used as a supplement to help manage certain medical conditions such as anemia, nerve problems, and certain types of seizures. Additionally, it is sometimes used to reduce the side effects of certain medications such as isoniazid, a medication used to treat tuberculosis.

Mechanism of Action: Pyridoxine HCl is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in the body. It acts as a coenzyme for over 100 enzymes, which are essential for protein metabolism, the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, and the synthesis of DNA. It also helps in the absorption of vitamin B12 and the formation of red blood cells.

Dose: The recommended dose of pyridoxine HCl varies depending on the specific condition being treated. For the prevention of vitamin B6 deficiency, the usual adult dose ranges from 2-25 mg per day. In certain medical conditions, higher doses may be required under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The medication is typically taken orally and is available in tablet, capsule, or liquid form.

Side Effects: Pyridoxine HCl is generally well-tolerated when taken at the recommended doses. However, high doses of vitamin B6 can lead to toxicity, known as vitamin B6 overdose. Symptoms of overdose may include nerve damage (tingling, numbness), difficulty walking, balance problems, and sensitivity to light and sound. Long-term use of high doses can also result in nerve damage. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and seek medical advice if experiencing any adverse effects.

It is also worth noting that pyridoxine HCl may interact with certain medications, such as levodopa (a medication used to treat Parkinson’s disease) and some anticonvulsants. Therefore, it is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking before starting pyridoxine HCl.

In conclusion, pyridoxine HCl is a vitamin B6 supplement used to treat or prevent vitamin B6 deficiency and manage various medical conditions. It acts as a coenzyme in numerous bodily functions and is generally safe when taken at recommended doses. However, high doses can lead to toxicity and long-term use of high doses may cause nerve damage. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for guidance on proper dosage and potential interactions.

Thiamine Mononitrate: Thiamine mononitrate, also known as vitamin B1, is a medication used to treat or prevent thiamine deficiency in the body. Thiamine is an essential vitamin that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, as well as proper functioning of the nervous system, heart, and muscles.

The mechanism of action of thiamine mononitrate involves converting thiamine into its active form, thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate acts as a coenzyme in various biochemical reactions, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates, by aiding in the production of energy from glucose.

Thiamine mononitrate is typically taken orally, with the recommended daily dose varying depending on age, individual needs, and the specific condition being treated. However, the usual recommended dose for adults is 1.5 to 2.5 mg per day.

Thiamine mononitrate is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. However, like any medication, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include flushing, warmth, and itching of the skin. Allergic reactions and hypersensitivity have also been reported, although they are rare.

In rare cases, extremely high doses of thiamine mononitrate can lead to an adverse reaction called anaphylactic shock, characterized by difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and a sudden drop in blood pressure. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if any of these severe side effects occur.

Overall, thiamine mononitrate is a widely used and well-tolerated medication for the treatment and prevention of thiamine deficiency. However, it is always important to follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Riboflavin: Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin B2) that is essential for the body’s growth and overall health. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, allowing the body to convert them into energy.

Riboflavin is primarily used as a dietary supplement to treat and prevent deficiencies of Vitamin B2. It is also sometimes used as a supplement for other purposes, such as migraine prevention, cataract prevention, and boosting athletic performance. However, the scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.

The mechanism of action of riboflavin is related to its role as a coenzyme in various enzymatic reactions involved in energy production. It assists in the conversion of food into energy by participating in the electron transport chain and the metabolism of other vitamins such as folic acid, niacin, and vitamin B6.

The recommended daily dose of riboflavin depends on age, sex, and specific health conditions. For adults, the typical recommended dose ranges from 1.1 mg to 1.3 mg per day. Higher doses may be required for certain medical conditions or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Riboflavin is generally considered safe when taken within the recommended dosage range. However, high-dose riboflavin supplements may cause harmless discoloration of urine to a bright yellow or orange color. This discoloration is temporary and harmless.

There have been very few reported side effects associated with riboflavin supplementation. In rare cases, individuals may experience symptoms like itching, numbness, burning or prickling sensations, or sensitivity to light. These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own.

It is important to note that Riboflavin supplements may interact with certain medications, including tricyclic antidepressants and oral contraceptives. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional or pharmacist before starting riboflavin supplementation if you are taking any medications.

Overall, riboflavin is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in various metabolic processes in the body. While its supplementation is generally safe, it is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosage and to ensure there are no contraindications or drug interactions.

Zn Sulphate Monohydrate: Zn Sulphate Monohydrate is a medication that contains zinc as the active ingredient. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement to treat zinc deficiency and support overall health.

The mechanism of action of Zn Sulphate Monohydrate involves supplying the body with zinc, an essential mineral that plays a role in various biochemical processes. Zinc is required for the proper functioning of enzymes and proteins involved in DNA synthesis, immune function, wound healing, and maintenance of normal taste and smell.

The recommended dose of Zn Sulphate Monohydrate varies depending on age, sex, and the reason for use. Typically, the adult dose for treating zinc deficiency is 220 mg of zinc sulfate (equivalent to 50 mg elemental zinc) taken orally once daily. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or as mentioned on the product label.

While Zn Sulphate Monohydrate is generally considered safe for most people when taken as directed, it may cause certain side effects. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. These side effects are usually mild and temporary.

In rare cases, allergic reactions to zinc sulfate may occur, resulting in symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, you should seek medical attention immediately.

It is important to note that Zn Sulphate Monohydrate may interact with certain medications, including antibiotics (quinolones and tetracyclines) and medications used to manage Wilson’s disease. Therefore, it is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking before starting Zn Sulphate Monohydrate.

Overall, Zn Sulphate Monohydrate is a commonly used supplement to correct zinc deficiency and support various body functions. However, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication or dietary supplement.

Biotin: Biotin is a vitamin that is essential for several metabolic processes in the body. It is also called vitamin B7 or vitamin H. Biotin is commonly used as a dietary supplement and is known for its benefits in promoting hair, skin, and nail health.

The mechanism of action of biotin involves its role as a coenzyme in various enzymatic reactions. It acts as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose. By acting as a coenzyme, biotin helps in the synthesis and breakdown of these molecules, leading to energy production and utilization. It also aids in the production of keratin, a protein that contributes to the health of hair, skin, and nails.

The recommended daily dose of biotin varies depending on the age, sex, and specific health needs of an individual. In general, the recommended dose for adults is around 30-100 micrograms per day. However, higher doses may be recommended for certain conditions, such as biotin deficiency or for individuals with certain medical conditions.

Biotin is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses. However, high doses of biotin supplements may cause some side effects. These side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and skin rash. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if taking medications or having any pre-existing medical conditions.

Overall, biotin is a vitamin supplement that is widely used for promoting hair, skin, and nail health. Understanding its mechanism of action, following recommended doses, and considering potential side effects can help individuals make informed decisions about its use.