GLYCINE + GLUCOSAMINE + CYANOCOBALAMINE + PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPATE
Glycine: Glycine is an amino acid and a neurotransmitter that is mainly used for the treatment of symptoms related to certain mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia. It is available as a supplement and as an injectable medication.
The exact mechanism of action of glycine is still not fully understood, but it is thought to work by acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glycine acts on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are involved in the regulation of cognition, learning, and memory. By modulating the activity of these receptors, glycine is believed to help improve symptoms associated with disorders like schizophrenia.
The oral dose of glycine typically used as a dietary supplement ranges from 1 to 3 grams per day. When used as an injectable medication for the treatment of schizophrenia, doses can range from 0.1 to 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight daily.
Some common side effects of glycine supplementation may include nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, and drowsiness. High doses of glycine may also cause minor gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea. Additionally, individuals with kidney problems should use glycine with caution, as excessive intake could potentially increase the risk of kidney damage.
It is important to note that while glycine may have certain beneficial effects on mental health, it should not be used as a replacement for prescribed medication or therapy. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before initiating any new treatment.
Glucosamine: Glucosamine is a dietary supplement that is commonly used to treat osteoarthritis. It is a naturally occurring substance found in the fluid and tissues around the joints. Glucosamine is available in several forms, including glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetylglucosamine.
The exact mechanism of action of glucosamine is not fully understood. It is believed to help support the health of cartilage by stimulating the production of proteoglycans and collagen, which are essential components of healthy joint tissue. Glucosamine may also have anti-inflammatory effects, reducing pain and swelling associated with osteoarthritis.
The recommended dose of glucosamine varies depending on the form of the supplement. For glucosamine sulfate, the typical dose is 1500 mg per day, divided into 500 mg three times a day. For glucosamine hydrochloride, the typical dose is 1500 mg per day, taken as a single dose. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions or consult with a healthcare professional for the appropriate dose.
Overall, glucosamine is considered safe for most people when taken orally and appropriately. However, some common side effects that have been reported include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and heartburn. Glucosamine may also interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for individuals with shellfish allergies, as the supplements are often derived from shellfish shells. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting glucosamine to ensure its safety and effectiveness for your specific medical condition.
Cyanocobalamine: Cyanocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12, is a medication used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. It is an essential vitamin that is necessary for the formation and proper functioning of red blood cells, as well as the maintenance of the nervous system.
The main mechanism of action of cyanocobalamin is to serve as a cofactor for enzymes involved in various biochemical reactions in the body. It plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and methylation, which are important processes for cell division and the production of red blood cells. Cyanocobalamin also helps to maintain the integrity of the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers.
The dosage of cyanocobalamin can vary depending on the specific condition being treated. For vitamin B12 deficiency, the usual adult dose is 1,000 mcg injected into a muscle once daily for one week, followed by a maintenance dose of 1,000 mcg injected into a muscle once per month. In some cases, oral cyanocobalamin tablets may be prescribed at higher doses.
Some common side effects of cyanocobalamin include headache, nausea, upset stomach, diarrhea, and pain or redness at the injection site. Allergic reactions to cyanocobalamin are rare but possible. Signs of an allergic reaction may include swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat, difficulty breathing, and hives. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if any signs of an allergic reaction occur.
Cyanocobalamin is generally considered safe and well-tolerated when used as directed. However, it is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new medication to ensure its appropriate use and to discuss potential risks or interactions with other medications.
Pyridoxal-5-Phospate: Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate (P5P) is the active form of vitamin B6. It is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions in the body, including protein metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell production.
P5P is primarily used as a dietary supplement to correct vitamin B6 deficiency or to support overall health. It may also be prescribed by healthcare professionals for certain medical conditions, such as vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy and certain genetic disorders that impair B6 metabolism.
The main mechanism of action of P5P is its conversion into its active form, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), in the body. PLP serves as a coenzyme for numerous enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways. It facilitates the conversion of amino acids, helps in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, and plays a role in the formation of heme, a component of hemoglobin.
The appropriate dose of P5P can vary depending on the individual and the reason for its use. It is typically available in oral supplement form, usually as capsules or tablets. The recommended daily dose ranges from 10 to 50 mg in adults, although higher doses may be necessary under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
P5P is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses, and adverse side effects are rare. However, in some cases, high doses of vitamin B6 (including P5P) can lead to peripheral neuropathy, a condition characterized by numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and feet. This usually occurs with long-term use of very high doses, typically exceeding 200 mg per day. Some individuals may also experience gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and stomach cramps, with high doses of P5P.
It’s important to note that P5P can interact with certain medications, such as Levodopa (used to treat Parkinson’s disease), and can interfere with the efficacy of these drugs. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting P5P supplementation, particularly if you have any underlying medical conditions or take other medications.
