SODIUM SELENATE + ASCORBIC ACID + TOCOPHERYL ACETATE + ZINC SULFATE + L-CARNITINE + LYCOPENE + N-ACETYLCYSTEINE + UBIDECARENONE (COENZYME Q10) + ASTAXANTHIN
Sodium Selenate: Sodium Selenate is a form of selenium, which is a mineral that is essential for normal bodily functions. It is available as an oral supplement and is used as a dietary source of selenium.
The mechanism of action of Sodium Selenate is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by acting as a cofactor for various enzymes involved in antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium is also thought to have anti-inflammatory properties and to be involved in DNA synthesis and repair.
The recommended dose of Sodium Selenate varies depending on the age and health of the individual. For adults, the typical daily dose ranges from 50 to 200 micrograms of selenium, taken orally. It is always important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional or as indicated on the product packaging.
Sodium Selenate is generally considered safe when used at appropriate dosages. However, in some cases, it can cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur, resulting in rash, itching, or swelling. If any severe or persistent side effects occur, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.
It is worth mentioning that excessive intake of selenium can be toxic. Selenium toxicity, also known as selenosis, can cause symptoms such as hair loss, nail brittleness, fatigue, irritability, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Therefore, it is important not to exceed the recommended dosage and to consult a healthcare professional before starting or modifying any supplementation regimen, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions or who are taking other medications.
Ascorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid, also known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the normal growth and development of the body. It plays a crucial role in the repair of tissues, wound healing, and the maintenance of healthy bones, teeth, and blood vessels.
Ascorbic Acid is primarily used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat vitamin C deficiency. It is also used to enhance the absorption of iron in the body, boost the immune system, and protect against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Additionally, it is sometimes used to treat certain conditions such as scurvy and iron deficiency anemia.
The mechanism of action of Ascorbic Acid is related to its antioxidant properties. It functions as a cofactor for various enzymes involved in the synthesis of collagen, neurotransmitters, and carnitine. It also helps in the absorption of iron from plant-based foods and enhances the immune system by stimulating the production of white blood cells.
The recommended daily dose of Ascorbic Acid varies depending on the age, sex, and health condition of an individual. For adults, the recommended daily intake is typically between 75-90 mg for women and 90-120 mg for men. However, higher doses may be required for individuals with specific medical conditions or as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Most people tolerate Ascorbic Acid well when taken within the recommended doses. However, higher doses may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramps. Consuming excessive amounts of vitamin C supplements over a long period of time can also lead to the formation of kidney stones in certain individuals. Additionally, some people may experience allergic reactions or have interactions with other medications, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
Overall, Ascorbic Acid is an important vitamin that is crucial for overall health. It is primarily used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat vitamin C deficiency and has a wide range of benefits including antioxidant activity and immune system support. It is generally safe when taken within recommended doses, but consulting a healthcare professional is always advised.
Tocopheryl Acetate: Drug: Tocopheryl Acetate
Use: Tocopheryl Acetate is a synthetic form of vitamin E that is primarily used as a dietary supplement. It is commonly used to treat vitamin E deficiency, which can occur due to malnutrition, certain genetic disorders, or conditions that affect the intestines’ ability to absorb fats. Additionally, Tocopheryl Acetate is used in various cosmetic and skincare products due to its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from damage caused by environmental factors such as UV radiation.
Mechanism of Action: Tocopheryl Acetate functions as an antioxidant, meaning it helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress and damage to cellular structures. Tocopheryl Acetate works by scavenging these free radicals, neutralizing them before they can cause harm. This mechanism of action is particularly beneficial in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage.
Dose: The dosage of Tocopheryl Acetate varies depending on the condition being treated and the individual’s age and overall health. For treating vitamin E deficiency, the usual adult dose is 100-400 IU (International Units) daily. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs.
Side Effects: When taken in recommended doses, Tocopheryl Acetate is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. However, some individuals may experience mild side effects, including nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fatigue, or headache. In rare cases, allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or swelling may occur. If any severe side effects or allergic reactions are experienced, medical attention should be sought immediately.
It is important to note that high doses of Tocopheryl Acetate (above 400 IU per day) may increase the risk of bleeding, especially in individuals taking blood-thinning medications. Additionally, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or a history of blood clots, should use Tocopheryl Acetate with caution and under medical supervision.
Zinc Sulfate: Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound that is commonly used as a dietary supplement. It is used to prevent and treat zinc deficiency, which can occur due to poor diet, certain health conditions, or increased zinc requirements (such as during pregnancy or breastfeeding). Zinc is an essential mineral that is involved in various physiological processes in the body.
The mechanism of action of zinc sulfate is not fully understood. However, it is known to play an important role in enzyme function, DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell division. It is also involved in immune system function, wound healing, and the development of healthy bones and teeth.
Zinc sulfate is available in oral tablet or capsule form. The recommended dose of zinc sulfate varies depending on the age, sex, and health condition of the individual. In general, the daily recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of zinc is 11 mg for adult males, 8 mg for adult females, 11-12 mg for pregnant women, and 12-13 mg for breastfeeding women.
Common side effects of zinc sulfate include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These side effects typically occur when the supplement is taken in high doses or for an extended period.
It is important to note that zinc sulfate may interact with certain medications, including antibiotics, diuretics, penicillamine, and tetracycline. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking zinc sulfate, especially if you are currently taking any medications or have underlying health conditions.
Overall, zinc sulfate is a widely used dietary supplement that is beneficial for preventing and treating zinc deficiency. However, it is important to use it under the guidance of a healthcare professional and adhere to the recommended dosage to avoid potential side effects.
L-Carnitine: L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. It is primarily used as a dietary supplement to boost energy levels and aid in fat burning. L-Carnitine can be found in various food sources, such as meat, fish, and dairy products, and is also produced by the body in small amounts.
The primary role of L-Carnitine in the body is to transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they can be oxidized and converted into energy. This helps to enhance the body’s ability to utilize fat as a fuel source and may be beneficial for individuals looking to optimize athletic performance or manage weight.
The recommended dose of L-Carnitine varies depending on the specific health goal. For general well-being and fat burning support, a typical dose ranges from 500 to 2000 mg per day. However, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dose for individual needs.
L-Carnitine is generally considered safe for most people when taken as directed. However, like any supplement, it may cause some side effects. The most common side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea, vomiting, cramps, or diarrhea. High doses of L-Carnitine may also lead to a fishy odor in urine, breath, and sweat. These side effects are usually mild and temporary.
Individuals with certain health conditions, such as hypothyroidism, kidney disease, or seizures, should consult with a healthcare professional before taking L-Carnitine. It may interact with certain medications, including blood thinners, and may not be suitable for individuals with a history of seizures.
Overall, L-Carnitine is a widely used dietary supplement that may offer benefits for energy metabolism, athletic performance, and weight management. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to ensure its safety and appropriateness for individual needs.
Lycopene: Lycopene is a naturally occurring chemical compound that belongs to the class of carotenoids. It is a red pigment found in various fruits and vegetables, most notably in tomatoes and watermelon. Lycopene is widely known for its antioxidant properties and has been studied for its potential health benefits.
Lycopene is primarily used as a dietary supplement and is thought to play a role in promoting overall health and wellbeing. It is often taken as a way to support heart health, prostate health, and to help protect against certain types of cancer, including prostate, lung, and stomach cancer. Additionally, lycopene is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help prevent oxidative damage in the body.
The exact mechanism of action of lycopene is not fully understood. However, as an antioxidant, it is thought to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can lead to cell damage and contribute to various health issues.
The recommended dose of lycopene can vary depending on the specific supplement and individual needs. Generally, daily doses range from 10 to 30 milligrams. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging or consult with a healthcare professional for the appropriate dosage.
Lycopene is generally considered safe for most individuals when consumed in the recommended amounts from dietary sources. However, in supplement form, some individuals may experience side effects such as digestive issues, including diarrhea or indigestion. Additionally, because lycopene is a fat-soluble nutrient, taking excessive amounts may cause a buildup in the body, leading to a condition called carotenemia, which can result in a yellowish discoloration of the skin. It is always advisable to speak with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
While lycopene supplements are generally well-tolerated, it is important to note that they should not replace a balanced diet or a healthy lifestyle. Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables that naturally contain lycopene is still the best way to obtain the benefits associated with this compound.
N-Acetylcysteine: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medication that is often used as a mucolytic agent, which means it helps thin and loosen mucus in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and bronchitis. It is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose and as a supplement to support liver health.
The mechanism of action of NAC involves its ability to increase the supply of glutathione, a potent antioxidant, in the body. Glutathione helps protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species and plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances. By replenishing glutathione levels, NAC may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which are associated with various diseases.
The dose of NAC can vary depending on the condition being treated. For mucolytic use, the recommended oral dose for adults is generally 600-1200 mg, taken two to three times daily. In acetaminophen overdose, NAC is usually given as an oral or intravenous (IV) loading dose followed by a maintenance dose, with specific protocols determined by the severity of the overdose. In liver support, doses typically range from 600-1800 mg per day.
As with any medication, NAC can cause side effects. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own. In rare cases, allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or swelling may occur, and immediate medical attention should be sought if these symptoms arise.
It is important to note that the use of NAC should be discussed with a healthcare professional, as it may interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as asthma or bleeding disorders.
Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10): Ubidecarenone, also known as coenzyme Q10, is a naturally occurring substance that is found within the cells of our body. It plays a critical role in the production of energy and acts as an antioxidant to protect cells from damage.
Coenzyme Q10 is commonly used as a dietary supplement to support overall health and well-being. It may also be prescribed for certain medical conditions such as heart failure, high blood pressure, Parkinson’s disease, statin-induced myopathy, and mitochondrial disorders.
The exact mechanism of action of coenzyme Q10 is not fully understood. However, it is believed to function by assisting in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for cells. Additionally, it acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals.
The recommended dose of coenzyme Q10 varies depending on the condition being treated. For general health maintenance, doses of 50-150 mg per day are commonly used. For specific medical conditions, higher doses may be required, ranging from 100-600 mg per day.
Although generally considered safe, coenzyme Q10 may cause some side effects. These can include stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and loss of appetite. Rarely, individuals may experience allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or swelling. Coenzyme Q10 may also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, so it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting this supplement.
In summary, coenzyme Q10 is a natural substance that is important for energy production and acts as an antioxidant. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement to support overall health and may also be prescribed for certain medical conditions. The recommended dose varies depending on the condition, and side effects are generally mild but can occur. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting coenzyme Q10 or adjusting the dosage.
Astaxanthin: Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring pigment that belongs to the class of compounds called carotenoids. It is most commonly found in marine organisms such as microalgae, salmon, and shrimp, which consume the algae.
Astaxanthin is widely used as a dietary supplement due to its potent antioxidant properties. It is known to have numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting, and neuroprotective effects. It is also believed to improve cardiovascular health, enhance skin health, and promote eye health.
The exact mechanism of action of astaxanthin is not fully understood, but it is known to exert its antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, it has been shown to enhance the activity of other antioxidants, such as vitamin E and C.
The recommended dosage of astaxanthin can vary depending on the specific condition being treated or the desired health benefit. Generally, doses ranging from 4-12 mg per day are considered safe and effective. However, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new dietary supplement.
Astaxanthin is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects reported. However, high doses may cause a harmless, temporary change in skin color, turning it slightly reddish or orange. This effect is reversible upon discontinuation of the supplement. Other rare side effects may include gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, or allergic reactions.
It is important to note that while astaxanthin is generally considered safe, it may interact with certain medications or medical conditions. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before taking astaxanthin, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have any pre-existing medical conditions, or are taking medications.
